Supporting Our Healthcare Workers During COVID-19

Introduction

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected the life and health of more than 50 million people across the world. This has overwhelmed many healthcare systems, and, of course, it has affected  healthcare workers (HCWs) who are fighting on the frontlines. Exploring the issues that HCWs face during their fight will help support them, as well as, assist in developing protocols and plans to improve preparedness. 


Importance of COVID-19 

COVID-19 is an illness caused by a virus that can spread from person to person. You can become infected by coming into close contact (within 6 feet) with a person who has COVID-19. Other ways of contracting it include touching a surface or object, as well as, by respiratory droplets. COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild (or no symptoms) to severe, and there is unfortunately no vaccine to protect against it. According to the CDC, the best ways to protect yourself include: avoid close contact with others, wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth in public settings, clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, and wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. In addition, it is essential that we develop long-term strategies to counteract the negative consequences HCWs are facing, because they are exposed to more of the virus than the average person.


Risk Assessment

During each wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals are flooded with both infected symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. HCWs are at the forefront of the treatment and management of COVID-19 infections, working in close proximity to the infectious virus. Due to the novelty of the COVID-19 infection, the healthcare system was initially unprepared, making HCWs an easy target for infections. According to a literature review published in the Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, major factors for infection among HCWs include lack of understanding of the disease, inadequate use and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), uncertain diagnostic criteria, unavailability of diagnostic tests and psychological stress.



Impacts of COVID-19

Physical

Before this pandemic, physical inactivity was already described as a global public health problem. As a result of the current situation, physical activity and exercise levels have declined, as well as, dietary habits. Exercise restrictions have been the consequence of closed gyms, restrictions on walking distance, lack of space within homes, and lack of technical knowledge of the population on appropriate training routines. Effects on nutrition include limited access to stores, a poorer quality of food products due to the already visible impacts on family income, and overeating. As we know, both exercise and dietary intake play an important role in energy balance. This new reality can be extremely detrimental for HCWs because physical activity and healthy eating elevate a positive state of well-being, as well as, promote better sleep and increased energy.


Psychological 

A study published in Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, examined  previous data from SARS or Ebola epidemics, the onset of a sudden and immediate life-threatening illness could lead to unbelievable amounts of pressure on HCWs. Things that can negatively affect HCW mental well-being include: increased workload, physical exhaustion, inadequate PPE, transmission, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions while caring for patients. HCWs resilience can be further compromised by isolation and loss of social support, risk or infections of friends and relatives, as well as drastic, often unsettling changes in the workplace. Therefore, they are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, including fear, anxiety, depression and insomnia.


Resilience Tools for Healthcare Workers  

Providing care to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to stress, anxiety, fear, and other strong emotions. It is critical that HCWs recognize what stress looks like, take steps to build resilience and coping mechanisms, and know where to go for help. A few tips to cope include: 

  • Communicate with your coworkers and supervisors about job stress

  • Take breaks when possible

  • Try to plan meals and snacks ahead to prevent overeating of unhealthy food  

  • Remind yourself that everyone is in an unusual situation with limited resources

  • Identify and accept those things which you do not have control over

  • Increase your sense of control by keeping a consistent daily routine when possible

  • When away from work, get exercise when you can


What Employers Can Implement   

Maintaining the physical and mental resilience of HCWs involves offering solutions and resources that will allow them to better perform their duties during an extremely stressful time, including: 

  • Education and training

  • Incentives

  • Short shifts 

  • Availability of personal protective equipment 

  • Counseling opportunities

  • Staff feedback sessions

  • Wellness resources (i.e., physical and nutrition education) 


How You Can Help 

  • Say “thank you”

  • Provide moral support

  • Donate blood 

  • Protect yourself, by doing this you protect them

  • Donate supplies when appropriate 

  • Encourage selfcare 

For more ideas visit:

https://nurse.org/articles/20-ways-to-support-healthcare-workers/

https://health.usnews.com/conditions/articles/ways-to-support-health-care-workers-during-coronavirus 

https://www.projecthope.org/how-you-can-help-health-workers-around-the-world-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic/03/2020/ 


About the Author



Sarah Meunier is a senior at Westfield State University, studying Health Science and Movement Science with a concentration in Sports Medicine. She is going to continue working in the healthcare field herself and obtain a Masters in Physician Assistant Studies. In addition, she plans to further research new data on the impacts and implications of COVID-19 on healthcare workers as it releases. You can contact her via email at sarahkmeun@gmail.com.

References

Ali, S., Noreen, S., Farooq, I., Bugshan, A., & Vohra, F. (2020). Risk assessment of healthcare 

workers at the frontline against covid-19. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

36(Covid19-s4), 99-103. doi:10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2790 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). What you should know about COVID-19 to protect 

yourself and others. Coronavirus Disease 2019. Retrieved Nov 17, 2020, from 

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/2019-ncov-factsheet.pdf


Martinez-Ferran, M., de la Guía-Galipienso, F., Sanchis-Gomar, F., & Pareja-Galeano, H. 

(2020). Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits. Nutrients, 12(6), 1549. doi:10.3390/nu12061549

Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. 

(2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers 

during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, 

behavior, and immunity, 88, 901–907. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026 

Santarone, K., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Preserving mental health and resilience 

in frontline healthcare workers during covid-19. The American Journal of Emergency 

             Medicine, 38(7), 1530–1531. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030

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