Impact of Aquatic Therapy on the Social Development of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder


 

Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder tend to feel alone and lack social skills like other children their age. Let's help them build some confidence and not be afraid to interact with other people. If you’re a clinician or parent who would like to help a child with Autism improve their social behavior, then keep reading for some information on the benefits of Aquatic therapy 



Introduction:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental and intellectual disability that affects 1 out of 44 children in the US.  ASD is characterized by repetitive sensory-motor behaviors and social deficits that impact their daily life. Aquatic Therapy has been studied to be beneficial to improve social interactions and behaviors in children with ASD. This research will help clinicians determine if aquatic therapy can provide a positive effect on social behaviors in children with ASD. 


Research Findings:

 In the study, “Influence of a Specific Aquatic Program on Social and Gross Motor Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders” results show:

    Subjects improved locomotor and object control skills

    Water was a social activator by encouraging individual interaction with therapist

     Female participants had a great increase in social behaviors and a decrease in the frequency of loneliness behaviors vs male participants

    The mental age assessment was an important factor as the female had the mental age of 6.7 yr. old and the male had a 4 yr. old mental age

In the study, “Effects of Aquatic Therapy for Children withAutism Spectrum Disorder on Social Competence and Quality of Life" results show:

    Three participants shown improvement in parent- child interactions

    The intervention had a greater impact in non-verbal             communication vs verbal communication

    Clinically significant improvement in social   acceptance

    Parents stated improvement in social interaction and             communication post-treatment at home and school

In the study,” Effects of water exercise swimming program on skills and social behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders" results show:

    Significantly high scores on academic behavior

    Parents reported improvement in their children self-confidence and their social and athletic performances

    Decrease antisocial behavior problems

    Benefit in watching the positive social interaction of others

Practical applications:

As a clinician performing aquatic therapy you should:

    Utilize the multi-systemic aquatic therapy (CI-MAT) program: Emotional Adaptation phase, Swimming Adaptation phase; Social Integration phase

    Follow a 1:3 therapist-to-children ratio for social interaction

    Identify the child’s mental age to create groups

    12-week program, 45 min each session, twice a week

   Trained instructor

 

Resources for Audience (live links)

Benefits of Aquatic Therapy

What to expect in a session?

About the Author

  

Noelia Santana is a senior at Westfield State University majoring in Movement Science with a concentration in Sport Medicine. When she graduates, she will continue her education by attending an accelerated Bachelor of Nursing program to pursue a career as a nurse practitioner. She can be reached at noeliasantana514@gmail.com

 

References:

Battaglia, G., Agrò, G., Cataldo, P., Palma, A., & Alesi, M. (2019). Influence of a Specific Aquatic Program on Social and Gross Motor Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Three Case Reports. Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology, 4(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020027

Güeita-Rodríguez, J., Ogonowska-Slodownik, A., Morgulec-Adamowicz, N., Martín[1]Prades, M. L., Cuenca-Zaldívar, J. N., & Palacios-Ceña, D. (2021). Effects of Aquatic Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Social Competence and Quality of Life: A Mixed Methods Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063126

 Pan C. Y. (2010). Effects of water exercise swimming program on skills and social behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 14(1), 9–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309339496




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